media project: “Stereotypes of a Black Male Misunderstood”
Discussing "The Black Image in the White Mind"
Discussing "The Black Image in the White Mind"
"The Black Image in the White Mind" - a wonderful book and multiple award winner, written by Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki, discusses the effects of life in a segregated society. It offers a comprehensive look at the intricate and subtle racial patterns in the mass media and discusses how these powerful images play a significant role in shaping the attitudes of Whites toward Blacks. White Americans, they show, learn about African Americans not through personal relationships, but through the images shown by the media. In addition, they reveal a subtle pattern of images that communicates a racial hierarchy (with Whites on top) and promotes a sense of difference and conflict.
Entman and Rojecki illustrate how the television news focus on black poverty and crime is grossly out of proportion with the reality of black life, how use of black 'experts' is limited to 'black-themed' issues, and how 'black politics' are often distorted in the news. In short, they conclude that although there are more images of African-Americans on television now than ever, these images are often harmful to the prospect of unity between the races.
A brief summary of some of their findings are listed below:
-A mug shot of a Black defendant is 4 times more likely to appear in a local television news report than of a White defendant
-The accused is 2 times more likely to be shown physically restrained in a local television news report than when the accused is White
-The name of the accused is 2 times more likely to be shown on screen in a local TV news report if the defendant is Black, rather than White
-"Telegenic" figures aren't always the most representative leaders though they are presented as if they were. Some statistics from 1994:
--40% of Black adults stated that Jesse Jackson represents Black people "very well"
--Only 11% of Black adults stated that Louis Farrakhan represents Black people "very well"
--22% of Black adults stated they had "never heard of" Louis Farrakhan
--Stories about, or soundbites from, Jesse Jackson on ABC World News: 13 versus stories about, or soundbites from, Louis Farrakhan on ABC World News: 25
-The media sowed discord during the affirmative action debate of the 1990s despite the considerable common ground between Blacks and Whites. Reporters often predicted affirmative action would be one of the key issues in the 1996 election because of the "rage" among Whites.
--A mere 1% percent of survey respondents named affirmative action as their top priority in voting against a presidential candidate
--61% percent of White men ("angry" or not) favored affirmative action programs as is or with reforms
--76% percent of White women favored affirmative action programs as is or with reforms
--Somehow only 12.5% percent of White "persons on the street" were shown to support affirmative action in a sample of network news, while the percentage shown to oppose was 87.5%
-While Black actors are now more visible in films, it is an open question as to how well they are being represented. Compare, for example, how Blacks and Whites are portrayed in the top movies of 1996.
--Black female movie characters shown using vulgar profanity: 89%
--White female movie characters shown using vulgar profanity: 17%
--Black female movie characters shown being physically violent: 56%
--White female movie characters shown being physically violent: 11%
--Black female movie characters shown being restrained: 55%
--White female movie characters shown being restrained: 6%
Research findings are reprinted with permission. Copyright notice: 2000 by Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki. This text appears on the University of Chicago Press website by permission of the authors. This text may be used and shared in accordance with the fair-use provisions of U.S. copyright law, and it may be archived and redistributed in electronic form, provided that this entire notice, including copyright information, is carried and provided that Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki and the University of Chicago Press are notified and no fee is charged for access. Archiving, redistribution, or republication of this text (or the rest of the text on the website) on other terms, in any medium, requires the consent of Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki.
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Entman and Rojecki illustrate how the television news focus on black poverty and crime is grossly out of proportion with the reality of black life, how use of black 'experts' is limited to 'black-themed' issues, and how 'black politics' are often distorted in the news. In short, they conclude that although there are more images of African-Americans on television now than ever, these images are often harmful to the prospect of unity between the races.
A brief summary of some of their findings are listed below:
-A mug shot of a Black defendant is 4 times more likely to appear in a local television news report than of a White defendant
-The accused is 2 times more likely to be shown physically restrained in a local television news report than when the accused is White
-The name of the accused is 2 times more likely to be shown on screen in a local TV news report if the defendant is Black, rather than White
-"Telegenic" figures aren't always the most representative leaders though they are presented as if they were. Some statistics from 1994:
--40% of Black adults stated that Jesse Jackson represents Black people "very well"
--Only 11% of Black adults stated that Louis Farrakhan represents Black people "very well"
--22% of Black adults stated they had "never heard of" Louis Farrakhan
--Stories about, or soundbites from, Jesse Jackson on ABC World News: 13 versus stories about, or soundbites from, Louis Farrakhan on ABC World News: 25
-The media sowed discord during the affirmative action debate of the 1990s despite the considerable common ground between Blacks and Whites. Reporters often predicted affirmative action would be one of the key issues in the 1996 election because of the "rage" among Whites.
--A mere 1% percent of survey respondents named affirmative action as their top priority in voting against a presidential candidate
--61% percent of White men ("angry" or not) favored affirmative action programs as is or with reforms
--76% percent of White women favored affirmative action programs as is or with reforms
--Somehow only 12.5% percent of White "persons on the street" were shown to support affirmative action in a sample of network news, while the percentage shown to oppose was 87.5%
-While Black actors are now more visible in films, it is an open question as to how well they are being represented. Compare, for example, how Blacks and Whites are portrayed in the top movies of 1996.
--Black female movie characters shown using vulgar profanity: 89%
--White female movie characters shown using vulgar profanity: 17%
--Black female movie characters shown being physically violent: 56%
--White female movie characters shown being physically violent: 11%
--Black female movie characters shown being restrained: 55%
--White female movie characters shown being restrained: 6%
Research findings are reprinted with permission. Copyright notice: 2000 by Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki. This text appears on the University of Chicago Press website by permission of the authors. This text may be used and shared in accordance with the fair-use provisions of U.S. copyright law, and it may be archived and redistributed in electronic form, provided that this entire notice, including copyright information, is carried and provided that Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki and the University of Chicago Press are notified and no fee is charged for access. Archiving, redistribution, or republication of this text (or the rest of the text on the website) on other terms, in any medium, requires the consent of Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki.
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*Affirmative Action Report: Part 2: Affirmative Action: ...
*Katrina and Media Bias - Was Media Coverage of Post-Hur...
*Nacho Libre - Jared Hess, Mike White and Jack Black in ...
*Changing Color Photographs to Black and White - Graysca...
*Simple Black and White from Digital
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